Overview
Breast diseases include conditions such as breast cancer, Phyllodes Tumour, Duct ectasia, breast cysts, and abscess. Commonly the presenting symptoms for a breast disease can be lumps, which can be painful or painless. The pain can be cyclical or non-cyclical and there will also be nipple discharge. The investigations for breast diseases or also known as triple assessment which comprise of clinical examination, imaging, and histology. Clinical examination includes a thorough history and physical examination. Imaging includes mammography, ultrasound of the breast, and MRI of the breast. Histology consists of fine-needle aspiration, cytology, and Tru-cut biopsy. If all 3 pointing towards malignancy, then further staging should be done. Mammography can roughly shows the probability of having a malignancy using the BI-RADS scoring. For breast cancer, treatment such as mastectomy, breast-conserving surgery, breast reconstruction, primary axillary surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy, axillary lymph node dissection, adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine, and hormonal therapy will be drafted according to the stage of the malignancy.
