Exercise Induced Asthma

Overview

Exercise-induced asthma is a temporary narrowing of the airways due to inflammation, swelling of the lining of the airways, tightening of muscles in the walls of the airways, and increased mucus production, following strenuous exercise.

Signs and Symptoms

Shortness of breath, Chest pain or tightness, Wheezing, Coughing, Cyanosis (bluing of lips), Ashen grey colour of the skin, Rapid breathing, Rapid heartbeat, Difficulty speaking, Indrawing of the chest wall, Poor performance on the field

Common Causes

Strenuous exercise

Risk Factors

Having a history of poorly-controlled asthma or allergic rhinitis, Having a recent episode of an asthma attack or upper respiratory tract infection, Being an athlete or frequent activities with prolonged periods of deep breathing, Exposure to air pollutants such as fumes or smoke, Exposure to cold temperature or dry air, Exposure to pollens or allergens, Exposure to chemicals such as chlorine used in swimming pools, chemicals used in ice rink resurfacing equipment, fertilisers, insecticides, and paints, Taking certain medications such as beta-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin or diuretics

Investigation Techniques

Medical history, Physical examination, Spirometry, Peak flow, Exercise challenge test using a treadmill or other exercise equipment to increase your breathing rate, Alternate challenge test using metacholine, Allergy testing via a blood test or skin test, Sputum eosinophils, Chest x-ray, Computerised tomography (CT) scan of lungs and sinuses

Treatment and Prevention

Identify triggers and avoid them, Avoid areas with air pollution, Wear a mask when exercising in cold or dry weather, Altering breathing techniques, Short-acting beta-agonists, Ipratropium, Inhaled corticosteroids, Combination inhalers containing long-acting beta-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids, Subcutaneous epinephrine