Overview
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is a condition in which trophoblast cells invade and grow inside the uterus after conception and can invade locally or metastasise. Types of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia include invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental-site trophoblastic tumour, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour.Signs and Symptoms
Abnormal vaginal bleeding, Uterus larger than expected during pregnancy, Severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, Pelvic pain or discomfort, High blood pressure with swelling of hands and feet and headache early in the pregnancy, Palpitations, Shortness of breath, Dizziness, FatigueCommon Causes
Ovular defectRisk Factors
Being pregnant before the age of 20 or after the age of 35, Women of Asian or Africa heritage, Women with blood type A or AB, Having a personal history of molar pregnancy especially with a complete hydatidiform mole, tubal pregnancy, or miscarriage, Use of oral contraceptive pills, Mutation in NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 7 (NLRP7) and KH domain containing 3-like, subcortical maternal complex member (KHDC3L) genes, Women with nutritional deficiencies such as protein, carotene, and vitamin A deficiencyInvestigation Techniques
Medical history, Physical examination, Pelvic examination, Ultrasound examination of the pelvis, Blood chemistry studies include full blood count, liver function tests and kidney function tests, Serum testing of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels, Urinalysis, Chest x-ray, Computed tomography (CT) scan, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan with gadolinium, Lumbar punctureTreatment and Prevention
Surgery such as dilatation and curettage with suction evacuation or hysterectomy, Radiation therapy such as external and internal radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) monitoring, Supportive care
