Organophosphate Poisoning

Overview

Organophosphate (OP) compounds are a diverse group of chemicals with various usage such as insecticides, chemical welfare, and aerosol. Thus, organophosphate toxicity can also result from household or occupational exposure or medical mishap. This chemical is absorbed through the skin, mucous membrane and air (inhalation).

Signs and Symptoms

Slow heart rate, Low blood pressure, Runny nose, bronchorrhea ,Cough, Severe respiratory distress, Hypersalivation, Nausea and vomiting, Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Blurred vision, Increased sweating, Tremors, Cramping, Weakness, Anxiety, Emotionally unstable, Restlessness, Confusion, Ataxia, Tremors, Seizures, Coma

Common Causes

Intentional ingestion (commit suicide), Those who are working in or near a farm, Consumption of contaminated food or drink

Risk Factors

Intentional ingestion (commit suicide), Those who are working in or near a farm, Consumption of contaminated food or drink

Investigation Techniques

Physical examination, Full blood count, Plasma pseudocholinesterase levels, RBC cholinesterase, Blood glucose, Serum electrolytes, Liver function test, Troponin levels, Chest X-ray, ECG

Treatment and Prevention

Decontamination: Remove all clothing from and gently cleanse patients with soap and water. Irrigate the eyes of patients who have had ocular exposure using normal saline solution. Airway should be cleared and high flow oxygen administered Gastric lavage and activated charcoal can be considered within 1 hour of ingestion Vitals, ECG, blood gases urea and electrolytes should be monitored Usage of sufficient doses of atropine Benzodiazepines used to reduce agitation