Sedative

Overview

Sedatives are medications that cause depression of the central nervous system. Sedatives are used in conditions such as anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, mood disorders, seizures and also given to patients before any diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Sedatives increase the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain causing the brain activities to slow down. This in return causes the calming and relaxing effects. They are also known as CNS depressants or tranquilizers. Other effects of sedatives are slurring of speech, slow reflexes, feeling of heaviness and drowsiness. Higher doses of sedation can lead to low blood pressure, low heart rate, reduced respiratory rate and unconsciousness. Hence, the dosage and level of sedation given for each condition or procedure are different. Sedatives can be divided into barbiturates, benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepines, antihistamines, opioids, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and general anaesthetics. Sedatives are controlled medication. Prolonged use of sedatives can lead to dependence and addiction.