Sneezing And Runny Nose Due To Allergies

Overview

Sneezing and Runny Nose due to Allergies or also known as Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated immunologic response of nasal mucosa to airborne allergens and is characterized by watery nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, sneezing and itching in the nose. This may also be associated with symptoms of itching in the eyes, palate and pharynx.

Signs and Symptoms

Sneezing, Stuffy nose, Runny nose, Itching of the nose, Loss of smell sense,Postnasal drip, Chronic cough, Hearing impairment due to eustachian tube blockage, Transverse nasal crease, Lid edema, Conjunctiva congestion, Hoarseness of voice due to laryngeal edema

Common Causes

Due to immunologic response to airborne allergens, Pollen, Dust mites, Pet dander, Molds

Risk Factors

Family history of atopy, Presence of allergen-specific IgE, Early introduction of formula an food, Early use of antibiotics, Smoking exposure

Investigation Techniques

Full blood count, Nasal smear, Skin allergic test, Radioallergosorbent test (RAST), Nasal provocation test

Treatment and Prevention

Avoidance of the allergens, Antihistamines controls rhinorrhoea, sneezing and nasal itch, Sympathomimetic drugs orally or topical. Oral drugs given together with antihistamines to counteract drowsiness. Topical drugs given for decongestion, Systemic and topical corticosteroids, Sodium cromoglycate stabilizes the mast cells, Anticholinergics blocks rhinorrhoea, Anti IgE reduces IgE levels and has anti inflammatory effect, Immunotherapy given drugs treatment fails.