Cervical Cancer

Overview

Cervical cancer is the third most common malignancy among women and it is one of the top cause of cancer-related death for women. Cervical cancer is due to malignancy changes that begin in the cells of the cervix.

Signs and Symptoms

Bleeding between periods, Bleeding after sexual intercourse, Bleeding in post-menopausal women, Discomfort during sexual intercourse, Vaginal discharge with a strong odor, Vaginal discharge tinged with blood, Pelvic pain

Common Causes

Genital infection with HPV

Risk Factors

Having many sexual partners or becoming sexually active early, Smoking, A weakened immune system, Birth control pills, Sexually transmitted diseases (STD), Socio-economic status

Investigation Techniques

Pap test, HPV DNA test, Colposcopy, Biopsy, Cone biopsy, LLETZ, Blood tests, CT scan, MRI, Pelvic ultrasound, Examination under anesthesia (EUA)

Treatment and Prevention

Simple hysterectomy, Radical hysterectomy, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Supportive (palliative) care

Psychological Issues

Depression, Stress, Anxiety