Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Overview

Diabetic foot ulcers are closely related to diabetes neuropathy. People with uncontrolled diabetes can have their nerve and sensations damaged by the high level of glucose causing foot ulcers which do not easily heal.

Signs and Symptoms

Hypoesthesia, Hyperesthesia, Paresthesia, Dysesthesia, Radicular pain, Anhydrosis

Common Causes

Poor circulation, High blood sugar (hyperglycemia), Nerve damage, Irritated or wounded feet

Risk Factors

Poorly fitted or poor quality shoes, Poor hygiene (not washing regularly or thoroughly), Improper trimming of toenails, Alcohol consumption

Investigation Techniques

X- Rays of foot and ankle), MRI (to differentiate infection from Charcot arthropathy on MRI), Bone scan, Blood glucose test, Hba1c, Physical examination

Treatment and Prevention

Removal of callus and dead tissue by a podiatrist, Good wound care, Reducing pressure on the ulcer ("off-loading”), Good blood glucose control, Good nutrition, Evaluating the circulation in the legs, Antibiotics if the ulcer is infected

Psychological Issues

Stress