Infantile Spasms

Overview

Infantile spasm is a condition where a specific type of seizure is seen among the infants and during the childhood period. It is also known as West Syndrome and commonly affects during the first year of life.

Signs and Symptoms

Sudden/rapid/tonic contraction of trunk and limb musculature

Common Causes

Hydrocephalus, Hydranencephaly, Sturge-Weber syndrome, Incontinentia pigmenti, Tuberous sclerosis, Trisomy 21, Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, Congenital infections, Trauma, Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, Meningitis, Encephalitis, Trauma, Intracranial hemorrhages, Mitochondrial encephalopathies, Meningitis, Encephalitis, Trauma

Risk Factors

Antenatal infection, Prolong labour, Previous history of Trisomy 21

Investigation Techniques

Complete blood count, Renal panel with electrolytes and glucose, Cerebrospinal fluid cultures, Lumbar puncture, CT scan, MRI, Electroencephalography

Treatment and Prevention

Vigabatrin, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone or prednisolone, Ketogenic diet