Opioid Toxicity

Overview

Opioids are used in all health care departments widely and it is usually prescribed with other analgesics. This vast availability and usage can lead to abuse of the drugs and overdosing with or without one's knowledge which eventually lead to toxicity.

Signs and Symptoms

Reduced respiratory rate Hypotension, Relative bradycardia, Confusion, Hallucination, Slurred speech, Sedation, Coma, Ataxia, Reduced muscle tone, Hypothermia, Miosis, Needle tracks

Common Causes

Overdose of opioids, Mixes 2 opioids, Taking opioids without a prescription, Taking opioid with other drugs which enhance the effect

Risk Factors

Social issues, Lack of a support system, Inadequate treatment for chronic pain, Old age- memory impairment, Metabolic disorder

Investigation Techniques

Physical examination, Full blood count, Arterial blood gas, Serum electrolytes, Creatinine kinase level, Chest and abdominal X-rays, ECG

Treatment and Prevention

The airway should be cleared and administer respiratory support and oxygen, Oxygen saturation monitoring, Prompt use of opioid antagonist such as naloxone

Psychological Issues

Depression