Testicular Cancer

Overview

Testicular Cancer occurs in the testes which is a part of the male reproductive system. They are located in the scrotum, a sac-like pouch under the penis. They function to produce sperm and male hormones, testosterone. Testicular cancer is classified into germ cell tumour, interstitial tumour, lymphoma and others.

Signs and Symptoms

Painless enlargement of testicle or sudden pain and enlargement of testicle, Dull ache and feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen, Scrotum feels hard and irregular on touch, Weight loss, Fever, Fatigue

Common Causes

Genetic mutation

Risk Factors

Undescended testis, Trauma to the testis, Family history, Age, Race, Previous testicular cancer on the other testis

Investigation Techniques

Physical examination, Ultrasound of Testicles, Full blood count, Serum tumour markers, CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, Chest x-ray, Brain MRI if spread is suspected

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment options are given based on staging done by various investigations: Orchidectomy (surgical removal of testis) with or without lymph node dissection, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy