Pain During Menstruation

Overview

Pain during menstruation is also known as dysmenorrhea. There are two types which are primary dysmenorrhea due to anatomical, functional and psychosomatic factors and secondary dysmenorrhea where the cause is due to underlying gynaecological condition.

Signs and Symptoms

Lower abdominal pain, Abdominal cramps, Back pain, Fatigue, Nausea, Vomiting, Pallor

Common Causes

Cervical stenosis, Chronic pelvic infections, Endometriosis, Pelvic adhesions, Adenomyosis, Uterine fibroid, Endometrial polyp, Intrauterine device

Risk Factors

Age, Nulliparity, Heavy menstrual flow, Smoking

Investigation Techniques

Abdominal and pelvic examination, Vaginal examination, Ultrasound, CT scan, Laparoscopy

Treatment and Prevention

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), Progesterone synthase inhibitors, Oral contraceptive pills, Dilation and curettage of cervix, Surgery depending on the condition and severity, Rest, Drink plenty of water, Apply heat pad, Stop smoking

Psychological Issues

Stress, Anxiety