Rheumatic Disorder

Overview

Rheumatic diseases are conditions affecting primarily the joints and sometimes the tendons, ligaments, and bones. It is due to the inflammation caused by the autoantibodies. It is also classified as an autoimmune disorder to a certain degree.

Signs and Symptoms

Joint pain, Joint stiffness especially in the morning, Swollen joint that is warm on touch and reddened skin, Limited mobility in the affected joint, Fatigue, Eye inflammation or infections, Skin rashes, Pain in the neck & spine or back, Mucosal lesions

Common Causes

Genetic susceptibility and environmental stimuli (drugs, UV rays, infection) gives rise to autoimmune hyperresponsiveness

Risk Factors

Osteoarthritis, Female, Obesity, Smoking, Dietary factors

Investigation Techniques

X-rays and ultrasound of affected joint, Joint aspiration for analysis, Antinuclear antibody (ANA), Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP), Complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Rheumatoid factor (RF), MRI if involve cervical spine.

Treatment and Prevention

Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), Analgesic, Corticosteroids (Prednisolone), Disease modifying drugs (Hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate), Immunosuppressive medicines (azathioprine cyclosporine, MMF), Warfarin