How to Detect Lung Cancer?

What is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when abnormal cells in the lung tissue grow uncontrollably. The lungs are organs in the chest cavity which in-charge of delivering the body's oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of death worldwide. How is this cancer detected, and how much do cancer screening tests cost? Let's find out together.

Diagnostic methods

If you experience symptoms of lung cancer or have a family medical history of this cancer, you should undergo several diagnostic tests. These tests are used to help doctors detect lung cancer cells and determine the stage and type of cancer.

These tests are classified into two types: imaging tests and other tests.

Imaging Tests

Imaging tests are a common method used by medical experts. There are several types of imaging tests used to detect lung cancer such as:

1. X-Ray

X-ray is used to produce an image of the lungs. This test can detect any abnormalities in the lungs, and may also assist doctors in determining the stage of lung cancer.

2. CT Scan

A CT scan (Computed Tomography) is an imaging test that uses X-rays to produce a detailed image of the lungs. This image provides further information about the cancer.

3. PET-CT Scan

PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography) scanning is a type of imaging test that combines PET and CT technologies. PET technology detects active cancer cells by using radioactive substances.

The image generated by this test can assist doctors in determining the stage and size of lung cancer.

4. MRI Scan

An MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is an imaging test that uses magnetic and radio waves to produce an image of the lungs. This can show signs of lung cancer.

An MRI scan produces a more detailed image than a regular X-ray or CT scan.

5. Bone Scan

A bone scan is an imaging test used to determine whether cancer cells have spread to the bones. A radioactive substance is injected into the patient's veins, and then an image is taken to see any changes in the bones.

Other Tests

1. Bronchoscopy

Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic test that uses a special instrument to examine the air passages inside the lungs. The process involves a thin tube being inserted through the nose or mouth into the air passages.

Examination of airways can determine the presence of tumours or other changes.

2. Biopsy

A biopsy is the removal of a tissue sample in order to test for the presence of cancer cells. Thoracoscopy, mediastinoscopy and percutaneous needle biopsy are three types of biopsies commonly used to detect lung cancer.

• Thoracoscopy

Thoracoscopy is a procedure that involves inserting a thin tube with a camera into the space between the lungs and the chest wall. This enables doctors to detect changes in lung tissue and collect samples for biopsies.

• Mediastinoscopy

A mediastinoscopy is a procedure in which a doctor inserts a thin tube through a small hole in the neck to collect tissue samples from the lymph nodes in the mediastinum, which is the space between the two lungs.

• Percutaneous Needle Biopsy

A percutaneous needle biopsy involves inserting a needle into the lungs through the skin on the chest to acquire a tissue sample.

What Are the Risks of Biopsy?

Medical procedures that involve taking a biopsy or tissue sample can carry risks of infection and damage to nearby organs. However, these risks are rare and most people can undergo a biopsy safely.

3. Thoracentesis

Thoracentesis is a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the space between your lungs and chest wall to remove fluid.

This can help detect signs of cancer or infection in the lungs.

4. Lung Function Test

A lung function test involves the use of special equipment to assess the health and function of the lungs. This includes your lung capacity, breathing rate and rate of gas exchange.

5. Sputum Test

A sputum test involves taking a sample of phlegm fluid to be analysed in a laboratory. This can help detect cancer cells or other signs of infection in your lungs.

6. Blood Test

Cancer can cause significant changes in your body. A blood test can detect early signs of cancer in your body. For example, an increase in the amount of protein produced by cancer cells can be detected through a blood test.

7. Genetic Test

A genetic test is used to look for mutations in specific genes that are associated with lung cancer. This can assist your doctor in determining the risk of lung cancer as well as the best course of treatment.

Who Should Have a Lung Cancer Screening Test?

Individuals who are at high risk of lung cancer such as heavy smokers should have regular lung cancer screenings. This also includes individuals who have previously had lung cancer, as well as those with a family history of cancer.

Are Diagnostic Tests Painful?

Patients who undergo lung cancer screening tests may experience some discomfort or pain. For example, when a bronchoscope is inserted into a patient's airway, they may feel discomfort or pain.

However, it is important to remember that lung cancer screening tests are essential in identifying lung cancer at an early stage, which can help patients receive early treatment and increase their chances of a full recovery.

Where Can You Get a Lung Cancer Screening Test?

A lung cancer screening test is available in Malaysia at health centres and hospitals that offer such services. Health clinics, government hospitals and private clinics are some of the health facilities that provide lung cancer screening tests.

You can discuss with your doctor or health specialist to get more information about screening tests and places that offer them in your area.

Cost of Lung Cancer Screening

The cost of a lung cancer screening test in Malaysia varies depending on the type of test performed and the clinic or hospital that provides it. X-rays and computerised tomography (CT) scans are two common lung cancer screening tests in Malaysia.

An X-ray test typically costs between RM50 and RM150. The cost of a CT scan is higher, ranging from RM300 to RM2,000 depending on the type of CT scan performed and the location of the test.

Get Checked Today!

Cancer is a deadly disease, but most people are still unaware of the importance of early screening. It is critical to detect lung cancer at an early stage in order to provide effective treatment and improve a patient's chances of recovery.