Understanding Cervical Cancer Causes: More than Just HPV

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While it is true that HPV (human papillomavirus) can be one of the causes of cervical cancer, there are other factors to consider as well. Women need to be aware of the different risk factors and take proactive steps in order to prevent cervical cancer.

In this article, we will discuss some key points about the causes of cervical cancer so you can stay informed about your health.

Cervical Cancer 101

The cervix is an important part of a woman's body, connecting the uterus and vagina. Located at the bottom of the womb, it helps with menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth.

The cervix can develop cancer when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably. If left untreated, these cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body. The types of cervical cancer include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small-cell carcinoma.

Screening tests can aid in the detection of this disease. However, in the early stages of cervical cancer, there may be no symptoms. Nevertheless, you should be aware of symptoms such as vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and unusual discharge.

While doctors are still not sure what causes cervical cancer, certain factors such as HPV infection may increase the risk of developing cervical cancer.

#1: HPV Infection

HPV infections are, in most cases, the main cause of cervical cancer. This type of virus can be passed by contact through sexual activity, even when using protection like condoms.

There are several strains of HPV and some types can even cause genital warts or lead to cell changes that develop into cervical cancer when left untreated.

Cervical cancer is commonly caused by HPV16 and HPV18, which are transmitted through sexual activity, particularly if you begin having sex early or have multiple partners.

#2: Weakened Immune System

A weakened immune system caused by medications, organ transplants, or the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that leads to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) can increase the risk of cervical cancer in certain individuals.

#3: Family History

Several researchers indicate that some rare instances of a familial tendency may be the result of an inheritable disorder that makes certain women more vulnerable to HPV.

Taking preventative measures can help you protect yourself and loved ones against cervical cancer if there’s a history of the disease in your family tree.

#4: Oral contraceptives

Oral contraceptives (OCs) have been linked to a higher risk of cervical cancer, according to research.

OC use may be connected with riskier sexual behaviour, which can increase the risk of HPV infection. It's important to keep in mind that this elevated risk returns to normal levels after discontinuing the use of OCs.

#5: Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Individuals whose mothers took a drug called DES during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage have a higher chance of developing a rare type of cancer of the cervix or vagina.

DES was administered from 1940 to 1970 for this purpose. To detect abnormal cells, individuals exposed to DES should undergo a yearly pelvic examination that includes a cervical Pap test and a 4-quadrant Pap test.

Cervical Cancer Treatment and Prevention

Detecting cervical cancer at an early stage and treating it is the most effective approach. Pap tests are useful in detecting any abnormal HPV virus-related cells that may develop into cancer.

To prevent cervical cancer, you can use condoms, refrain from smoking, have safe sex, maintain a healthy weight, and receive the HPV vaccine. 

If you are diagnosed with cervical cancer, your doctor will work with you to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to your specific needs. 

Treatment options such as surgery, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy may be used depending on the stage of cancer. Doctors may recommend a combination of treatments in the case of advanced cervical cancer. If you have any questions or concerns about cervical health, please speak with your doctor for further guidance.