Seeing Red: How Bloody Stools Can Be a Sign of Colorectal Cancer

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Have you ever been alarmed by finding blood in your stools? It's not just an unsettling sight—it might be a sign of something serious. This article will break down what it could mean and how it may be linked to colorectal cancer.

Understanding the Complex Colon and Rectum

Think of your digestive system as a team of organs working together. The colon, or large intestine, is like a key player. Extending from the pouch-like cecum, which connects the small intestine's end (ileum) to the colon, all the way to the rectum. 

The colon comprises four essential layers—mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa—each with its unique function. These layers orchestrate digestion's harmonious rhythm.

Decoding Blood in Your Stools

​When you find blood in your stools, medical jargon dubs it hematochezia. This tells you that somewhere in your gastrointestinal tract, internal bleeding might be occurring. Where the bleeding happens affects the colour of your stools.

Bloody stools, combined with ongoing stomach discomfort, diarrhoea or constipation, tiredness, loss of appetite, and changes in weight or diet, can be puzzling. 

Dr. Nik Muhd Aslan Abdullah, an expert in cancer at Sunway Medical Centre, says these signs don't always mean cancer—they could be caused by other gut issues.

As such, regular screenings are a good idea to check for potential problems and rule out colorectal cancer.

Could It Be Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer includes both colon and rectal cancer. It starts from unusual growth that doesn't stop. This growth can spring from benign polyps, initially displaying minimal symptoms. However, some polyps hold the potential to evolve into colorectal cancer if left untreated.

Regular screenings are advisable to detect potential polyps in the digestive system and rule out colorectal cancer. 

Treatment options vary depending on the cancer's stage. In the early stages, surgery can often safely remove small polyps without causing lasting damage. For advanced cases, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or immunotherapy come into play.

Other Culprits Behind Bloody Stools

​Beyond cancer, several factors can trigger bloody stools, and it's important to understand them. These factors include:

• Haemorrhoids

• Anal fissures

• Diverticular disease

• Colitis

• Polyps

Swift medical evaluation is vital to ensure prompt treatment. Overlooking bloody stools as a mere sign of haemorrhoids could lead to delayed colon cancer diagnosis, warns Prof. Dr. April Camilla Roslani, Senior Consultant Colorectal Surgeon at PPUM, thereby delaying vital medical attention for colon cancer.

Strategies for Detecting Colorectal Cancer

Various methods exist for colorectal cancer screening, ranging from non-invasive to invasive tests.

Non-invasive Tests:

1. FIT and gFOBT: These stool tests detect minuscule blood amounts and can be self-administered at home using kits provided by doctors. Samples are then sent to labs for analysis.

2. Faecal DNA Test: This non-invasive test identifies genetic changes in stool that might indicate colorectal cancer. Similar to FIT and gFOBT, it's a home-based test, though samples need to be sent to a laboratory.

Invasive Tests:

• Colonoscopy: 

This widely used method employs a camera-equipped tube to visualise the colon and rectum's structures. If polyps are found, they can be removed during the procedure. It usually entails strong laxatives and often involves sedation.

• CT Colonography:

Also called virtual colonoscopy, this method uses CT scans to generate detailed images that can detect polyps or tumours. It typically requires bowel preparation and might involve subsequent colonoscopy with biopsy if cancerous growths are detected.

• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: 

This shorter version of colonoscopy examines the rectum and a small colon section. It involves colon emptying, usually less aggressive preparation, and patients are typically not sedated.

Taking Care of Yourself

​While cancer remains a prominent culprit behind bloody stools, it's vital to recognise the potential involvement of other factors. 

Regular colorectal cancer screening is important, especially if you're at risk due to your family history, age, or other reasons. 

If you notice ongoing changes in your bowel habits, unexpected weight loss, tummy pain, or bloody stools, don't wait. See a doctor for a proper check-up. 

Remember, catching issues early can significantly impact your journey towards effective treatment and enhanced well-being.