Prostate Examination: Detecting Cancer with PSA and DRE Tests

Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in men. According to the National Cancer Institute, about 1 in 8 men will develop prostate cancer at some point in their lifetime.

Prostate cancer is often curable with early detection and prostate exams can help with this. This article will cover all the information you require when detecting prostate cancer using prostate examinations like the PSA test, as well as the digital rectal exam (DRE).

Understanding the Prostate 

The prostate has a gland that is about the shape and size of a walnut, located in front of the rectum and just below the bladder. Its main function is to produce fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.

It's possible for men's prostate glands to enlarge as they age, which can lead to issues like urination difficulties and abdominal pain. An enlarged prostate can potentially be a sign of developing prostate cancer in some cases.

PSA Tests: What Are They?

The PSA blood test determines the concentration of prostate-specific antigen in your blood. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein that the prostate gland produces; elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer.

However, PSA levels can also be elevated for other reasons, like an enlarged prostate or inflammation. That’s why it’s important to talk to your doctor about your PSA test results and what they mean.

Digital Rectal Exams: What to Expect?

A gloved finger will be inserted into your rectum during a digital rectal exam by your doctor to feel for any prostate gland anomalies. While a rectal examination may not be the most comfortable exam, it is an important part of the prostate cancer screening process.

In some cases, your doctor may also recommend further testing, like a prostate biopsy, if they feel something suspicious during the exam.

Who Needs Prostate Cancer Screening and When?

The American Urological Association recommends that men begin discussing the benefits and drawbacks of prostate cancer screening with their doctor at the age of 55.

If you have a family history of prostate cancer or other risks, your doctor may advise you to start screening sooner. Screening tests like the PSA test and digital rectal exam can help detect prostate cancer in its early stages, when it’s most treatable.

According to the American Cancer Society, the age at which you should begin prostate cancer screening depends on your risk level:

• Men with an average risk should start screening at age 50 

• Men with a high risk, such as African Americans and those with a first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age, should start screening at age 45.

• Men with an even higher risk, such as those with multiple first-degree relatives who had prostate cancer at an early age, should start screening at age 40.

Signs and Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

In addition to screening tests, it’s important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer. These can include:

• Difficulty urinating

• Weak or interrupted urine flow

• Blood in the urine or semen

• Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area

• Bone pain

While some symptoms may not necessarily be an immediate sign of prostate cancer, they could be a sign of other health problems that require medical attention.

At the End of the Day

Taking charge of your prostate health is vital to leading a healthy life. Prostate cancer screening tests like the PSA test and digital rectal exam can help detect prostate cancer in its early stages, giving you the best chance for successful treatment. Don't let fear or discomfort hold you back from scheduling a prostate exam with your doctor. 

Remember, early detection is key, and your health and well-being should always come first. So, take the first step towards a healthier you and book an appointment with our professional doctors at DoctorOnCall today!​