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Dengue vs. Chikungunya: Understanding Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Dengue and Chikungunya: Are They the Same? | DoctorOnCall

Dengue and chikungunya are both mosquito-borne viral diseases that share similar characteristics, often resulting in confusion.[1] These diseases are prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, causing significant public health concerns.

Symptoms and Signs of Dengue and Chikungunya

Dengue fever usually emerges between 2 to 14 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito, with a common range of 4 to 7 days.[2] Chikungunya fever typically manifests 3 to 7 days after exposure to the virus.[3] While dengue can have severe complications, chikungunya does not.[3]

It is crucial to note that while the symptoms may overlap,[3] the distinct features of each illness can help healthcare providers make an accurate diagnosis. It is always advisable to seek medical advice as early as possible.

How is Dengue and Chikungunya Diagnosed?

Accurate and timely diagnosis of dengue and chikungunya is crucial for effective medical management. Several diagnostic methods are employed by clinicians to confirm these mosquito-borne infections, each method is tailored to different stages of the illnesses and may require specialised laboratory equipment. The choice of diagnostic method depends on the timing of the illness and the availability of tests in healthcare facilities or laboratories in your area.

Treating Dengue and Chikungunya

Timely care is crucial in managing dengue and chikungunya. While specific medications are lacking, you can ease symptoms through rest, hydration, and pain relief. Let’s explore some approaches for a smoother recovery.

  1. Seek Early Intervention: If you’ve recently had a fever or live in an area prone to dengue or chikungunya, consult a healthcare professional early.[1] When in doubt or pain, always seek medical advice.
  2. Prioritise Rest and Hydration: Ensure ample rest and maintain proper hydration. Your body’s recovery begins with these fundamental steps.[1],[4]
  3. Medicinal Measures: Opt for paracetamol to address fever and discomfort.[1],[4] Consult a healthcare professional for a suitable pain reliever when unsure or for individuals under the age of 12.
  4. Application of Tepid Compress: Utilise a cloth dampened with lukewarm water to alleviate fever symptoms.[1]

Which is More Dangerous?

​While both dengue and chikungunya can be debilitating, dengue poses a higher risk of severe complications, including dengue haemorrhagic fever[2] and dengue shock syndrome, which may be life-threatening if not promptly managed.[5]

A Unified Front: Battling Dengue and Chikungunya Together!

In places where dengue and chikungunya are common, it's important to recognise the signs, get tested, and seek treatment early. Though both can be serious, dengue is more risky due to potential complications.[5] The best defense against mosquito-borne diseases is preventing mosquito bites and mosquito breeding.[2]

Be watchful, take precautions, and see a doctor if you have symptoms. Together, we can fight dengue and chikungunya and safeguard our communities from these harmful diseases!

References

  1. “Chikungunya fact sheet.” World Health Organization (WHO), 8 December 2022, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chikungunya. Accessed 29 September 2023.
  2. “Dengue Fever - PORTAL MyHEALTH.” MyHEALTH Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, 23 August 2011, http://www.myhealth.gov.my/en/dengue-fever/. Accessed 2 October 2023.
  3. “Chikungunya - PORTAL MyHEALTH.” MyHEALTH Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, 27 September 2011, http://www.myhealth.gov.my/en/prime-years-chikungunya-2/. Accessed 2 October 2023.
  4. “Treatment & Prevention | Chikungunya virus.” CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/hc/treatment-prevention.html. Accessed 2 October 2023.
  5. Alejandria, Marissa M. “Dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome in children.” NCBI, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392842/. Accessed 2 October 2023.

This article is brought to you by Takeda Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. 200901025887 (868989-K).

Disclaimer: These images depict hypothetical patients and/or healthcare professionals. This information is available to the public for informational purposes only; it should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease. It is not intended to substitute consultation with a healthcare provider. Please consult your healthcare provider for advice.

C-ANPROM/MY/DENV/0394 FEB 2025

Written By Dr Shobika Nair, Doctor of Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russia on

Reviewed By DoctorOnCall Panel Doctor