Lymphedema

Overview

Lymphedema is abnormal limb swelling due to accumulation of increased amounts high protein interstitial fluid secondary to defective lymphatic drainage in the presence of near normal net capillary filtration. It usually happens in the arms or legs, but can occur in other parts of the body. As there is no cure for lymphedema, it can be managed with early diagnosis and diligent care of your affected limb.

Signs and Symptoms

Swelling of the affected limbs, Constant dull ache, Burning and bursting sensation, General tiredness and debility, Sensitivity to heat, ‘Pin and needles' sensation, Cramp,skin problems, Acute infective episodes

Common Causes

Unable to adequately drain the lymph : Primary cause: Milroy's disease, Meige's disease, lymphedema tarda, Secondary causes: surgical removal or injury during surgery, radiation treatment for cancer, lymph cancer, infection of the lymph nodes

Risk Factors

Older age, Excess weight or obesity, Rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis

Investigation Techniques

Physical examination, Routine tests, Lymphangiography, CT scan, MRI, Doppler ultrasound, Isotope lymphoscintigraphy

Treatment and Prevention

Exercises: to move the affected limbs encourage fluid drainage, Manual lymphatic drainage: a special massage technique called manual lymph drainage may encourage the flow of lymph fluid out, Pneumatic compression: a sleeve worn over affected arm or leg connects to a pump that intermittently inflates the sleeve, putting pressure on limb and moving lymph fluid away, Compression garments: long sleeves or stockings made to compress affected limbs encourage the flow of the lymph fluid, Complete decongestive therapy (CDT) : This approach involves combining therapies with lifestyle changes, Skin care, Surgery: Liposuction, bypass procedure, limb reduction procedure