Ethambutol

Information About Ethambutol

Uses of Ethambutol

Ethambutol is commonly used to treat tuberculosis.

How Ethambutol Works

Ethambutol is an antimycobacterial which have bacteriostatic properties against susceptible bacteria. It inhibits the synthesis of bacterial metabolites and thus preventing cellular metabolism and multiplication.

Side Effects of Ethambutol

Visual disturbances, Optic neuritis, Abdominal pain, Nausea, Vomiting, Fever, Hyperuricemia, Jaundice, Hypersensitivity reactions, Headache, Dizziness, Peripheral neuropathy

Authorship

Written By

Dr Sri Viknarajan

MD (Universiti Hasanuddin, Indonesia)

Reviewed By

Dr Nur Syuhada binti Zulkifli

MD, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

Ethambutol Related Warnings

Alcohol Not Advisable

It is not advisable to consume alcohol while on treatment with Ethambutol. There is limited data on possible interactions that might occur. On the long run, alcohol can affect the liver and with possible effect of ethambutol on the liver, it is not advisable to consume alcohol within the treatment period.

Pregnancy Not Safe

Animal studies have demonstrated that there is an adverse effect on the fetus, however, there are limited human studies on usage of ethambutol in pregnancy. Thus, it is best to avoid using Ethambutol during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the potential risks.

Lactation Limited Data

Based on human studies, ethambutol or its metabolites is found in breastfed infants of women on treatment. However, there is limited data on the safety profile of Ethambutol to be used during breastfeeding. Therefore, it is not recommended to use ethambutol unless the benefits outweigh the possible risks.

Driving Not advisable

Do not drive unless you are feeling well. Ethambutol may cause side effects such as blurred vision, dizziness, disorientation or numbness, all of which could affect the ability to concentrate and drive.

Kidney Use With Care

Before starting this drug, it is necessary to check the renal function and modify the dose appropriately. It is preferable to avoid ethambutol in patients with renal impairment but if required, the dose must be reduced and the plasma-drug concentration needs to be monitored. This is because the toxicity may be enhanced by the impaired renal function.

Liver Limited Data

If patients develop symptoms suggestive of hepatitis or suddenly become unwell during the treatment, it is recommended to perform liver function tests in such patients.