Insulin

Information About Insulin

Uses of Insulin

Insulin is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 1 & type 2 and diabetic ketoacidosis.

How Insulin Works

Insulin controls the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat by inhibiting glucose production in the liver and lipolysis, as well as enhancing the removal of peripheral glucose.

Side Effects of Insulin

Hypoglycemia, Blurred vision, Insulin resistance, Hypokalemia, Lipodystrophy, Injection site reactions, Edema, Urticaria, Rash

Authorship

Written By

Dr Mohd Ramzdhan Bin Mohd Masdar

MD (Crimea State Medical University)

Reviewed By

Dr Nur Syuhada binti Zulkifli

MD, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

Insulin Related Warnings

Alcohol Not Advisable

It is not advisable to drink alcohol with insulin as alcohol may affect blood glucose levels, both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia can occur. It is best to drink alcohol in moderation for diabetic patient.

Pregnancy Maybe Safe

Animal studies failed to show that there is a risk to the fetus and there are no well-controlled human studies among pregnant women. Insulin does not pass through the placenta thus, it can be used during pregnancy. Poorly controlled diabetes may cause hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia which can increase the risk of malformations and death in utero. Throughout pregnancy, it is important to control the blood glucose strictly and monitor pregnant women with diabetes closely.

Lactation Safe If Prescribed

It is safe to use insulin while breastfeeding as there is no risk to the baby. However, the short-acting insulin's dose must be adjusted.

Driving Generally Safe

It is generally safe to drive while on insulin treatment. However, patients who have reduced or absent awareness of warning signs of hypoglycemia or frequent episodes of hypoglycemia must take precautions while driving. It is best to avoid since hypoglycemia may impair the ability to concentrate and react while driving.

Kidney Use With Care

In patients with renal impairment, intense monitoring of blood glucose is required and the human insulin dose is to be modified based on individual need. The insulin requirement for patients with renal impairment may also be reduced because of the disease.

Liver Safe If Prescribed

In patients with liver impairment, intense monitoring of blood glucose is required and the human insulin dose is to be modified based on individual need. The insulin requirement for patients with liver impairment may also be reduced because of the disease.