Metformin

Information About Metformin

Uses of Metformin

Metformin is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos).

How Metformin Works

Metformin is a biguanide, works by inhibiting the production of glucose in the liver through the process of gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis, delaying absorption of glucose in the intestine and increases target cell insulin sensitivity. One of the symptoms experienced by PCOS includes insulin resistance, characterised by hyperglycemia.

Side Effects of Metformin

Cough or hoarseness, Decreased appetite, Diarrhea, Dyspnea, Upper respiratory tract infection, Nausea, Vomiting, Flatulence, Heartburn/dyspepsia, Abdominal distention, Constipation.

Authorship

Written By

Dr Mohd Ramzdhan Bin Mohd Masdar

MD (Crimea State Medical University)

Reviewed By

Dr Nur Syuhada binti Zulkifli

MD, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

Metformin Related Warnings

Alcohol Not Advisable

It is unsafe to consume alcohol with Metformin. Alcohol intoxication can increase the risk of lactic acidosis particularly in case of fasting, malnutrition or hepatic impairment.

Pregnancy Maybe Safe

Metformin should be safe to use during pregnancy because either animal or human studies have not shown any adverse effects on the fetus, however, uncontrolled hyperglycemia in people with PCOS can increase the risk of congenital abnormalities and intrauterine death.

Lactation Limited Data

Limited human studies suggest that Metformin does not represent a significant risk to the baby when used during pregnancy. In regards to limited data, please consult your doctor to decide on discontinuation of breastfeeding or Metformin.

Driving Generally Safe

Metformin usually does not affect the ability to drive. Do not drive unless you are feeling well.

Kidney High Risk

Metformin is not recommended in patients with severe kidney disease, especially in patients with creatinine clearance less than 60mL/min. Patients with severe kidney disease has high risk to get lactic acidosis. Dose adjustment of Metformin and regular check up to monitor renal function may be needed. Please consult your doctor before consumption.

Liver Limited Data

Metformin should be used with caution in patients with liver disease due to increased risk of lactic acidosis. Hence liver function test should be done before initiating Metformin. Discontinuation of Metformin may be needed if there is deterioration of liver function. Please consult your doctor.