Overview
Methotrexate is a chemotherapeutic drug utilized for the treatment of various illnesses such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis. Methotrexate toxicity occurs when there is an overdose of the medication.Signs and Symptoms
Alopecia, Photosensitivity, Rash, Fatigue, Fever with chills, Gastrointestinal bleed, Reddening of skin, Gingivitis, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Hypotension, Headache, Seizures, EncephalopathyCommon Causes
Accidental overdose of methotrexate tablets by the patient or physician, Increased patient susceptibility during the treatment , Intentional self-administrationRisk Factors
Underlying acute renal failure or hypoalbuminemia, Alcohol intake, Use of other medications that may interact with methotrexate such as trimethoprim and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and salicylatesInvestigation Techniques
Full blood count, Urine analysis, Urine FEME, Kidney function test, Liver function test, Serial methotrexate concentrations, urine outputTreatment and Prevention
Gastric lavage with activated charcoal, Antidote (Folinic acid) administration, Adequate hydration and urinary alkalinization, Hemodialysis
