Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

Overview

Subarachnoid Haemorrhage is a bleed that occurs in the brain. It occurs in the subarachnoid space which is located between the arachnoid space and the pia mater surrounding the brain.

Signs and Symptoms

Sudden painful headache, Vomiting, Seizures, Confusion, Neck stiffness, Altered consciousness, Sudden loss of consciousness, Dizziness, Visual loss, Pain around the eye, Having double vision, Difficulty speaking, Weakness of both legs

Common Causes

Ruptured aneurysm, Cancer, Thrombosis, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Polycystic kidney disease, Fibromuscular dysplasia, Infection: Dengue, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, Head trauma, Ateriovenous malformation, Drugs such as blood thinners, Amyloid angiopathy, Moyamoya disease, Blood disorders: Leukaemia, haemophilia, thrombocytopenia, Coagulation disorders

Risk Factors

Hypertension, Artherosclerosis, Smoking, Advancing age, Stress, Drugs such as oral contraceptive pills, Hormone replacement therapy, High cholesterol, Vigorous physical activity, Excessive alcohol intake, Family history of a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage, Consuming cocaine

Investigation Techniques

CT scan of the brain, Angiography, Lumbar puncture

Treatment and Prevention

Surgery to reduce bleeding, Oral nimodipine, Painkillers, Antiemetics to reduce vomiting, Psychotherapy and counselling to reduce stress, Stop smoking, Do not consume any recreational drugs such as cocaine, Exercise regularly